Utilizar uma linguagem que seja concisa na tarefa Resumo, na terceira fase, é fundamental para que o texto fonte possa ser resumido em até 200 palavras, conforme as instruções da tarefa.
É importante lembrar, inicialmente, que, nessa tarefa, o candidato não precisa se preocupar em demonstrar a amplitude de seu vocabulário. A tarefa vale 15 pontos e apenas 3 desses pontos estão relacionados a use of English – uma nota global que diz respeito a correção e propriedade no uso da língua inglesa. Por isso, o Manual do Candidato (2013, p. 156) aconselha o candidato: “keep your language concise, direct and straightforward. This is not the place to show off your vast command of vocabulary or to introduce new metaphors or figurative uses of language. These can be shown in the composition section.”
Para manter a linguagem concisa, é preciso ter muita atenção a escolhas lexicais e gramaticais. Veja algumas dicas abaixo:
1. Atenção a redundâncias
Por exemplo, em “to achieve lasting, durable peace”, ambos os adjetivos querem dizer a mesma coisa e a remoção de qualquer um deles contribuiria para a concisão do texto. Outros exemplos:
Redundant Vs Concise
completely unanimous = unanimous
cooperate together = cooperate
each and every = each
exactly the same = the same
2. Evite a voz passiva
A voz ativa normalmente utiliza menos palavras que a ativa. Compare:
Passive: “It is believed by the candidate that a ceiling must be placed on the budget by Congress.”
Active: “The candidate believes that Congress must place a ceiling on the budget.”
Passive: “It was earlier demonstrated that heart attacks can be caused by high stress.”
Active: “Researchers earlier showed that high stress can cause heart attacks.”
3. Reduza orações
Muitas vezes, orações relativas podem ser reduzidas de várias formas. Por exemplo:
Relative clause: “Smith College, which was founded in 1871, is the premier all-women’s college in the United States.”
Participle clause: “Founded in 1871, Smith College is the premier all-women’s college in the United States.”
Relative clause: “Citizens who knew what was going on voted him out of office.”
Adjective: “Knowledgeable citizens voted him out of office.
4. Evite expletive constructions
Expletive constructions muitas vezes começam com it is:
Expletive: “It was her last argument that finally persuaded me.”
Suggestion: “Her last argument finally persuaded me.”
Expletive: “It is inevitable that oil prices will rise.”
Suggestion: “Oil prices will inevitably rise.”
5. Coloque a ação no verbo e evite nominalizações
Exemplo:
Focus on the noun: “The establishment of a different approach on the part of the committee has become a necessity.”
Focus on the verb: “The committee has to approach it differently.”
Nominalization: “An evaluation of the procedures needs to be done.”
Focus on the verb: “We need to evaluate the procedures.”
6. Evite multi-word verbs
Alguns multi-word verbs podem ser substituídos por non-phrasal verbs. Exemplos:
Multi-word verbs Vs Non-phrasal verbs
Blow up = explode
Bring about = cause; engender
Put off = postpone
Look up to = admire
7. Evite expressões formadas por muitas palavras
Exemplo:
Wordy: “In a situation in which a class is overenrolled, you may request that the instructor force-add you.”
Concise: “When a class is overenrolled, you may ask the instructor to force-add you.”
Wordy: “I will now make a few observations concerning the matter of contingency funds.”
Concise: “I will now make a few observations about contingency funds.”
Cheers!
Fontes:
cacdingles.blog 